Greenpeace Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Greenpeace - Case Study Example In other words, Greenpeace has a reputation of an organization that is not afraid to take bold actions in order for the society to change its current perspective on the relationships with nature. In the case that will be examined in this paper one is able to see the following situation: Greenpeace has been a long proponent of switching from harmful substances that are used in refrigerators to those that are environmentally friendly. Finally, it was able to success in it by finding a company that would be willing to introduce the changes. This marked the transition from a conflict based approach of promoting environmental values to an approach that relied on cooperation and reasoning. Nowadays, Greenpeace is known to have promoted its environmentally friendly coolant almost all over the world, excluding the United States. However, there is hope that one day it may change since large companies are many certain steps towards it. To begin with, it may be rather useful to evaluate the tactics that was used by Greenpeace in the Greenfreeze campaign. First of all, one might mentioned that the organization in question tried to target the brand that directly interact with the consumers and, therefore, value their reputation. Indeed, this is a rather smart move since big industrial corporations never contact with people to whom they sell their product and they can hardly be influenced. On the other hand, big bands are willing to gain a competitive advantage by trying to attract their customers with the use of new environmentally friendly technologies (Kaufmann, 2014, p. 103). What is more important is that these brands are able to have a direct impact on the manufactures; so, by targeting them Greenpeace made a right choice. Another aspect of the strategy that should be mentioned is the fact that it promoted the technology worldwide by making sure that companies

Challenges Presented by Implementing IPv6 concurrently with IPv4 Term Paper

Challenges Presented by Implementing IPv6 concurrently with IPv4 - Term Paper Example There was a problem of the eminent exhaustion of IPv4 space, complexities of configuration and the different security issues that were associated with IPv4. To overcome the above challenges presented by IPv4, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) developed Internet Protocol version six (IPv6). This uses a 128 address space ad would support different unique addresses to the tune of trillions. It was envisaged that IPv6 would eliminate the security issues associated with IPv4 and also present new features and opportunities for the internet community. This paper discusses the challenges of implementation of Ipv6 concurrently with IPv4. Development of IPv6 The rapid decline in the number of available IP addresses is not surprising. This is based on the fact that new devices are being connected to the internet. Some of these devices are not even computers but are integrated with microcomputers to help them connect to the internet. Such devices include security systems, television set s and cameras among others. With this development, it was expected that IPv6 would be implemented fast enough to help in overcoming the challenges that were presented by IPv4. However, there has been some considerable slowness in implanting IPv6 across networks with different deadlines set for its implementation coming and going. The slowness in implementation is not attributed to any hardware or software issue. This is because most of the current computer hardware and software are compatible with IPv6 (DeNardis 131). Reasons for IPv6 One of the main reasons advanced for the need of IPv6 addresses is that it supports dynamic routing and end to end computing. Dynamic routing is different from static routing from the sense that in static routing, permanent IP addresses are assigned to devices on a network while in a dynamic routing, IP addresses are assigned based on need. This means that dynamic routing that is supported by IPv6 uses fewer IP addresses. Another reason for IPv6 is its mandatory support for IPSec; this is the security protocol deployed for internet applications. IPSec can also be used by IPv4. Furthermore, the fact that IPv6 supports back to back connectivity, it allows for rerouting of information to determine the source of traffic. This is a feature that IPv6 has that has improved its security by eliminating attacks and simplifies the process of IP identification (Zhang 565). IPv6 is also easy to implement and use. This is due to the fact that it can easily configure itself and connect easily to the network. This makes the job very easy for network administrators as they do not have to waste much time configuring the networks. IPv6 has an additional feature that increases its robust nature while eliminating the complexities of routing. This is due to the feature that reduces the number of routes (Zhang 567). Challenges presented by implementing IPv6 concurrently with IPv4 One of the challenges that may be experienced in such implementation is s ecurity. Even though IPv6 has better security features, security is a problem because of the complexity of implementing such a system. The security challenges include preventing attackers who have more experience than the information technology department of an organization during the initial stages of concurrent implementation of IPv6 and IPv4. Security exists also I the context of the difficulty in ascertaining unauthorized access on the existing IPv4

Globalization on Chinese Society Essay Example for Free

Globalization on Chinese Society Essay Our research aims to discover peculiarities of ideology in China. It’s going to highlight integrating values, legitimating the government’s policies and continued authority. The study is a review of articles by David Lynch, Gordon White and Feng Chen. From the recent past years up to this point of time, China has been taking part in extensive economic globalization activities like facilitating free trade policy. China’s new economic openness has resulted to remarkable growth trends. It has been practicing its â€Å"go out policy† by participating in the international market competitions. Observers have also noted some major changes in the Chinese media in coping up with globalization. With China’s entry to the World Trade Organization, structural reforms have taken place and more and more researchers have focused their interest on the interaction between Chinese media particularly television and the world at large. Currently, China is still in a whirl and sways with various ideologies such as a waning communist ideology, an increasing conservatism, as well as liberalism. Various ideological trends such as globalism, nationalism, individualism and pragmatism are likewise alive and under further exploration especially by Chinese youths. The pursuit of the leftists who adhere to the theory of socialism, elect to preserve the fundamental purity of the socialist economy and state authority. Meanwhile, reformists have argued that China should rather enrich its market economy and the rights to property. Besides, reformists want to recognize private entrepreneurship to join the Party. There exists some few numbers of youths having true belief in communism. Most of them, however, want membership to the Party as a stepping ladder in gaining their individual objectives. In some of the researches, David Lynch (2000 (Lynch, 1999, p173) has focused his objects on what expectations the intellectual and political elites expect leading to same changes in China for the years ahead. The objects include linked issues on some domestic and political affairs, the power capability of China as a nation, how the party state would defend its national identity as well as its cultural heritage and integrity in the face of the raging and deepening effects of globalization. Besides, Lynch assesses on how China aligns its new development and technology in directing its society’s future. With the continued transformation of the media including print, TV, the Internet, the entry of some foreign TV programming and the likes now depends mostly on the supply and demand and the behavior of the controlling party. The improvements of local or domestic contents have rivalled foreign counterparts. Lynch also assessed the trends in censorship and found some possible means by which media could possibly find ways of overcoming or avoiding rules, laws, problems, or difficulty to government restrictions of imported as well as local media contents. Briefly, Lynch tries to arrive at a point when the communist government’s hold on China’s domestic affairs would become loose due to the use of new technology. â€Å"Dilemmas of Thought Work in Fin-de-Siecle China† reports that in May 1997 was established special organ of the Party Central Committee Central Guidance Committee on Spiritual Civilization Construction. This fact indicates the seriousness of intentions in pursuing the spiritual civilization line. â€Å"Thought work† refers to Chinese Communist Party’s attempts to transmit socialist ideology and to control ideas of the masses so that they will comply to the demands of the national development plan. In his article Lynch argued that the governments efforts to build a socialist spiritual civilization in China failed. He concluded that government’s attempts to limit access to global media and control political discourse turn out to be ineffective. Lynch reports the Chinese Ministry of Public Securitys estimate that as many as 620,000 Chinese had access to the internet in 1997, with a rise to 4 million expected by 2000 (Lynch, 1999, p. 193). The propaganda state is indeed crumbling. The author reports that Chinese children play cops and robbers who require the cops to inform the robbers of their rights before taking them into detention, as they have seen in American movies (Lynch, 1999). Other political writers like Feng Chen and Gordon White agree that China’s Chinese Communist Party is capable of adapting itself to the changing political climate. Moreover, China’s leaders could strengthen its position like having political legitimacy by re-inventing itself and continue some evolutionary tuning to reinforce the CCP’s legitimacy. Nevertheless, evolutionary refining is a hit and miss system that nobody can guaranty its success. Gordon White primarily focused on the politically engaged society in China. According to White politically-engaged society proved to be a durable theme in Chinese politics. Riding the Tiger concludes that societys political engagement with the state will shape future of the state. For example, There may be a form of Chinese Brezhnevism to see out the millennium as the current leadership tries to stay in power. If this is indeed the case, then the political contradictions and trends which I have identified will intensify and make it more likely that the transition, when it comes, will be sudden, radical and possibly violent. (White, 1993, p. 255) Even if the market becomes predominant through radical reform and even if it takes a capitalist form, which is very probable, there is a continuing need for a new form of developmental state to tackle†¦social and economic problems [such as market failure and its consequences for the poor]. In the short term, moreover, the role of the state is even more crucial because of the need to break through the hard policy constraint and manage the transition from a planned to a market economy. This is a process†¦which is fraught with instability and tensions arising from the opposition of vested interests, threats to economic security, inflation and growing inequality. A strong state is needed to provide the political order and direction necessary to underpin this transition and regulate an emergent market economy in a huge and increasingly complex country. (White, 1993, pp. 238-9) As Gordon White has observed in Riding the Tiger, an attempt to establish a political system that can serve as an alternative to both capitalist economics and liberal politics has not appeared to be possible in China: Marxist-Leninist socialism has been incapable of reforming itself and that market socialism rather than saving its bacon, cooks its goose (White, 1993, p. 12). White was writing at the start of the 1990s. Civil society-like forms emerged in China in the 1990s. That process the result collapse of the state structure, as it was in Soviet Union. But for the time being the Party-state still remains in command. As it was noted in Riding the Tiger, to the extent the economic reforms were the spearhead of an attempt to resuscitate the political fortunes of Chinese state socialism, they can be judged to be a dismal failure(White, 1993, p. 233). By the millennium China was certainly the most successful of the socialist states in adjusting to capitalism. Yet at the same time socialism remains in place in China and power is monopolized by the Communist Party. White denoted this combination as market Stalinism (White, 1993, p. 256). White suggests that the increasing prevalence of the elements of a civil society does not point toward an evolution into more liberal regime with market-oriented economy and multiparty political system. The author also noted that in Chinese society there are some groups that didn’t make benefits from the reforms. These would include state officials and state workers, women and the unemployed and floating populations: Fear of threats to status, power or income; disappointment because the reforms were delivering less than they had promised; disgruntlement arising from the red-eye disease; concerns that gains already achieved were in danger of erosion (through inflation and leadership mismanagement); contrarily, impatience at a deceleration of the reforms and anxiety at an acceleration. (White, 1993, p. 217) Some observers have concluded that the efforts of the Central Party in building some thought works on socialism in China has been not effective. Moreover, they gravitate to some extent. Formerly, China firmly opposed globalization as it disrupts some global institutions. Today, China is one of the firm advocates of liberalization and globalization, opening its trading system to the world. Slowly but surely, the Chinese system has now been updating itself on the rule of law, adapting many foreign laws to transform its civilization. China’s success through globalization, which happened in a short time, has indeed uplifted the standards of living of many workers. With such economic success arising from the impact of globalization, China has learned some stressful and painful lessons adjusting itself. Some of the effects include the decline of state employment from 110 million in 1995 to 66 million in March 2005, the lost of 25 million jobs in the manufacturing establishments, and the consolidation of some 125 car companies to just six firms. Its recent economic growth has revived and revved up the economy of Japan and kept safe its neighboring countries from recession, which otherwise could have led to a risky global downturn. With the prevailing trend of globalization, the process has deeply influenced the study habits, culture, and consumption styles of the youth (ACYF). They now believe that English is a basic skill and reference for one to acquire a degree. As more and more Chinese youths go out to study abroad, more and more of them have returned home, which benefits their culture. The youths now could avail some entertainments made in the USA, Europe, and elsewhere via television, films, videos, and the internet. Even internet games or serial TV programs from Japan or Korea have become the favorite of young students. Young people now in China are learning more the facts of life, society, and world affairs through the said media. When educators, scholars, officials, and artists speak of culture, this includes both the physical and non-physical aspects. The physical or material aspects include sites, landscapes, monuments, buildings, and like objects whereas non-physical aspects include music dance, language, poetry, and the like, which have been associated with China’s social practices. The non-physical culture is China’s living heritage is passed from one generation to the other. In reality, one should accept the fact that culture cannot be easily isolated from the influence or effects of globalization (UICIFD). To conclude the work we should note that ideology is still alive in China. The Chinese communist regime didn’t decline its ideological absolutism. The Communist Party alone that possesses the universal truth and represents the fundamental interest of the people (Guo, 1995, p. 84). In fact, Mao Zedong thought or Deng Xiaoping theory was adapted by the post-Mao party leadership in accordance with the changes of the Chinas specific conditions. But this modification does not suggest discarding the fundamental principles and norms, but renovation within the same basic framework of development of Marxism. But post-Mao regime has cautiously modified some of Maos doctrines through the official interpretation of the sacred text (Guo, 1995, p. 84-85). As Feng Chen asserted, agricultural decollectivization in China was not an equivalent of â€Å"privatization,† but only the transformation of the rural economy into â€Å"a new type of collective economy, characterized by combining public ownership of the land with totally individualized operations of production† (Feng Chen, 1998, p. 82). To the post- Mao leadership, such an arrangement is defined as the separation of land ownership rights and land use rights (Feng Chen, 1998, p. 88). Land in China remains under public ownership. Reference List White, G. (1993). Riding the Tiger: The Politics of Economic Reform in Post-Mao China. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press; London: Macmillan. Lynch, D. (1999). Dilemmas of Thought Work in Fin-de-Siecle China. China Quarterly, 157. Guo, S. (1995). Totalitarianism: An Outdated Paradigm for Post-Mao China? Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, 14 (2). Chen, F. (1998). Rebuilding the Party’s Normative Authority: China’s Socialist Spiritual Civilization Campaign. Problems of Post-Communism, 45 (6).

Mcdonalds Corporation Is Listed In The New York Marketing Essay

Mcdonalds Corporation Is Listed In The New York Marketing Essay Introduction: In this coursework, I would like to talk about the famous worldwide brand McDonalds Restaurant. The reason I chose this brand for my marketing strategy and marketing planning coursework is the best known brand worldwide and the powerful marketing strategy applied through all over the world. In this chapter Id like to explain the company profile, aim of this coursework, overview of the coursework. In the chapter 2, Id like to explain the learning outcomes of Strategic marketing. Finally there is a conclusion and recommendation chapter followed by references. Company Profile: McDonalds Corporation is listed in the New York Stock Exchange, USA (NYSE: MCD) is the global company headquartered in Illinois, USA. McD (McDonalds) is the biggest chain of fast food restaurants in the world. McD serves about 60 million people every day. McDonalds sells various flavours of burgers, fries, soft drinks, desserts, chicken products worldwide. McD is founded by Maurice McDonald and Richard in 1940 in California. Ray Kroc is the person who founded the McDonald corporation. Presently, McDonald has 31,200 locations in 120 countries worldwide with the staff force of 1,702,000 in 2009. James skinner is the CEO and Chairman of McDonald. McDonalds revenue in 2009 was US$24.2 billion. Mission and Vision of McDonald: McDonalds mission is to be our customers favorite place and way to eat. McDonalds global operations are structured a common worldwide marketing strategy named plan to win focusing the marketing mix of the organisation which includes the prominent Product, Price, Place, Promotion and People. McD is dedicated to develop their business worldwide and increasing the value of consumers experience in stores. Aim of the Coursework: The aim of this coursework is to explain the marketing strategy and marketing plan of McDonalds. For this aim we should identify the marketing planning process of McDonalds, PEST analysis, SWOT analysis, Ansoffs product-growth matrix, marketing mix of thee company. These are the objectives of the coursework. Overview of the coursework: In the chapter 1, I would like to introduce about the company profile and the objective of this case study. In the chapter 2, I would like to talk about all the learning outcomes which is covered in the Strategic marketing course. The learning outcome1 is all about understanding how the marketing plan supports the strategic objectives of the organisation (McDonalds). In this chapter I would like to include the marketing planning process, key planning questions of the marketing planning process followed by marketing audit of the company which is macro environment (PEST analysis), task environment and the most important concept of marketing strategy SWOT analysis of McDonald followed by Ansoffs matrix. In the learning outcome 2, I would like to explain about the marketing mix of McDonald. This part explains the construction of the marketing plan which is the second learning outcome of the course. This will be explained by 6Ps of marketing mix which are product, price, place, promotion and people and process. Product life cycle stage is also the vital part when we talk about product in the marketing mix. This will be explained in this part. Also I will include the main four important questions about action programmes followed by controlling the action programme. In the learning outcome 3, most of this part will talk about market planning implementation, four step processes for marketing control, barriers to implementation and finally evaluation and review of the marketing planning. In chapter 3, there will be recommendations and conclusions of this coursework followed by references and reflective diary. Chapter 2: Learning Outcomes Introduction: In this chapter, well see the learning outcomes of this course Strategic Marketing. There are three learning outcomes covered in the coursework. 2.1 Learning Outcome1: Understand how the marketing plan supports the strategic objectives: In this learning outcome1, Understand how the marketing plan supports the strategic objectives of the organisation. In this coursework, the researcher took McDonalds as the corporation. The objective of the corporation is to satisfy the customer needs with their products. Customer has to choose McDonalds as the favourite place to eat. For this, the marketing strategy of the company should support to achieve the objective of the company. There are various marketing theories and concepts will be explained here in this chapter. The marketing objective of the organisation, marketing planning process, key marketing planning questions followed by PEST analysis, task environment, SWOT analysis of the organisation and Ansoffs matrix. 2.1.1: Marketing Strategic objectives of McDonalds McDonalds sets crystal clear marketing objectives. It then enhances a marketing strategy that would support to achieve the objective of the organisation. Marketing involves identifying consumer needs and wants, and meeting those needs in an excellent route than other competitors in the market. This directly results to create a loyal customer to the organisation. McDonalds marketing objective is to identify the customer needs and satisfy them with their products by giving excellent customer service throughout the world. Apart from this, McDonalds wants to achieve more market share by opening more stores worldwide. They want to be the market leader in the food industry in the American markets. 2.1.2 Marketing Planning process: Marketing planning process is the vital process in the marketing plan. This process consists of many methods with many stages. Marketing planning should identify the business mission of the company. After finding this business mission we need to identify the marketing audit. This marketing audit consists of two methods called internal audit and external audit. PEST analysis is the external marketing audit whereas task environment and SWOT analysis are the internal level marketing audit. Then it leads to strategic thrust to identify what customers want what kind of products, this is explained by Ansoffs product-growth matrix. Then target market and competitor of the company is illustrated in the core strategy. Diagram of Marketing Planning process: Source: Principles and Practices of Marketing by David Jobber (2001) Key Planning questions of the marketing plan: There are five important questions of the marketing plan needs to be answered in the marketing planning process. They are as follows: Where are we now? This means where McDonald is at present scenario in the world fast food restaurant sector and UK fast food business. Where would we like to be? In terms of McDonald, they want to be the market leader in American fast food restaurant business and they want to expand all over the world How do we get there? For McDonalds, they have the well established core strategy for their business development Are we on course? McDonald has the clear objective with high-calibre management, excellent employees with the competencies. All these factors are leads them to achieve their objective. Marketing Audit: McDonalds has a crystal clear marketing strategy which is to focus on excellent customer service with good quality food at faster service. They have created well established foundation of fast food restaurant service. McDonalds is the market leader in fast food restaurants all over the world. McDonalds has spread all over the world with 32000 locations worldwide. They want to capture more market share and they want to satisfy all their customers with fast service and good quality food at cheaper price better than their competitors. To achieve this core marketing strategy McDonalds should identify their internal and external marketing environment of their business. For external environment audit we need to apply the PEST analysis and for internal environment should apply task environment and SWOT analysis. 2.1.3. Macro Environment: PEST analysis of McDonalds: The following diagram shows that the picture of PEST analysis. PEST analysis is the very phenomenal concept in marketing. This concept is used to identify the external environment of the business. When analyzing the external environment of the business then we can easily eradicate the threats of the external. PEST is an acronym of Political, Economical, Social and Technological. Pest Analysis Source: http://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stock-image-pest-analysis-image14771406 POLITICAL FACTORS Global operations might be affected due to different policies enforced by governments Human resource policies are different from country to country. This will affect the human resource policies of McDonalds. In India, there are political policies are against for the fast food and beef related food products. ECONOMICAL FACTORS Due to Financial crisis and economic crisis in Europe and American countries there are lot of negative growth in business in terms of revenue and profits. Due to volatile stock markets all over the world, the stock prices of McDonalds are heavily plummeted Due to increase of VAT in UK the sales going to drop down. This affects huge loss in revenue Interest rates, Exchange rates also affects the international operations SOCIAL FACTORS Due to health conscious and huge awareness of obesity, there are big threats for fast food restaurants throughout the world Consumer preferences are changing day by day. Due to this, McD needs to introduce many new products TECHNICAL FACTORS Fast services due to increased technical abilities of new machineries Thanks to information technology growth for the fast customer service. Many competitors also involving the same strategy. Task Environment of McDonalds: In the task environment of McDonalds we should have a look on financial data and McDonalds competitors in the worldwide market. Worldwide McDonalds Ownership The following table shows that the ownership holding by McDonalds worldwide. The total number of stores has been increased from 30497 in 2007 to 32487 in 2009. But this data shows that number of stores owned by McDonalds (direct ownership) has been drastically reduced from 8082 stores in 2004 to 6177 stores 2009. Franchisees list has been increased in the data provided. McDonalds 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Number of McDonalds 30,497 30,767 31,047 31,477 31,977 32,487 Franchisees Owned 22,415 22,592 22,884 24,457 25,485 26,310 Direct owned by Company 8,082 8,175 8,163 7,020 6,492 6,177 % of Direct owned by McDonalds 26.50% 26.57% 26.29% 22.30% 20.30% 19.01% Chart: Number of Stores owned by McDonalds and its Franchisees in the World The following table and chart explains the sales revenue of McDonalds worldwide from 2007 to 2008. All these data shows that the sales have been declined in 2009 all these countries than 2008. Due to the economical and financial crisis in Europe, USA was the predominant reason for this sales decline in this period all over the world. Among these countries Europe sales was heavily affected due to this financial crisis in this period. But when compare to 2007 data, 2009 sales revenue data was slightly increased. Worldwide McDonalds Sales Revenue in $m 2009 (US$ Millions) 2008 (US$ in Millions) 2007 (US$ in Millions) Europe 9280 9930 8930 USA 7944 8080 7900 APMEA 4340 4231 3600 other countries 1200 1295 2365 Total 22764 23536 22795 APMEA: Asia Pacific/Middle East/Africa Source: http://www.wikinvest.com/stock/McDonalds_(MCD) Sales Revenue in 2009 by McDonalds and its competitors: The following table and chart shows that the sales revenue of McDonalds and its competitors in the year 2009. This data shows that McDonalds is the market leader in the fast food restaurant sector with the net sales revenue of US$ 22764 million in 2009 compared to its next competitor YUM restaurants holding only US$ 10840 million. There are huge difference about 100% variance between these two biggest fast food competitors. Company Revenues in US$ in Million McDonalds 22764 YUM 10840 Starbucks 9785 Darden 7300 Burger King 2700 Dominos 1490 Source: http://www.wikinvest.com/stock/McDonalds_(MCD) Source: http://www.wikinvest.com/stock/McDonalds_(MCD) SWOT analysis of McDonalds SWOT is an acronym of Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. This analysis helps to understand the internal and external environment of the organisation. Internally, an organisation can able to reveal its strengths and weaknesses whereas externally they could reveal the opportunities and threats. Hill et al.,(2003) After done this analysis, every organisation should convert their weaknesses to its strengths and match their strengths into the external opportunities. This SWOT analysis is a helpful tool for strategic marketing planning of the organisation. http://hrmadvice.com/assets/images/swotanalysis.jpg SWOT analysis of McDonalds The following table shows that the SWOT analysis of McDonalds. In this table, strengths and weaknesses are internally existed, whereas opportunities and threats are external factors. STRENGTHS International Brand awareness Worldwide market leader in Fast food restaurant sector Strong cash flow financial resources International quality awards Competent skills in their staff force Significant experts in top management WEAKNESSES McDonalds been a 65 years old company. Due to this they should have an innovation in their food products Lack of local country knowledge Since the market leader in the industry, profit might be very less due to tough competition OPPORTUNITIES Entry to international markets with the strong financial resource Excellent brand image worldwide. This creates more business opportunities in international market MA with international competitors Mounting views of customers about fast foods with quick service THREATS Huge competition in the local and international markets Mounting cost of raw material Economic crisis in the world Decreasing power of customer spending Stock prices are plummeted in the stock markets Health conscious about fast foods worldwide 2.2. Learning Outcome2: Understand the construction of a marketing plan In this learning outcome, Understand the construction of a marketing plan explains the detailed marketing mix of the organisation. This concept is predominantly phenomenal for every organisation to meet and satisfy the customer needs. The following concept shows that the marketing mix of McDonalds in worldwide. 2.2.1 Effective Marketing mix of an Organisation: CIM (Chartered Institute of Marketing) defines that the marketing mix is the combination of marketing inputs that affect customer motivation and behaviour. These inputs are 7Ps: Product, price, place and Promotion, people, process and physical evidence. Last two factors are absolutely pertinent to service industries. https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAeF60UerGjls7KHODFmqW6gy4wh9niJQVzWWvOyv2xfKRY-i0-9HWFCkLvnoILIbcY9Ec1-i_MretJhFTF0moOWNQ5bWNmU_rhA5JGlyVtKEP2vG-tUydeRoqJfp7B0RcbVkwEn8QYSs/s1600/Marketing_Mix_Diagram_-_7Ps_L.jpg Source: http://mantra4marketing.blogspot.com/2010_06_01_archive.html Marketing mix of McDonalds Marketing mix is the mix of imperative factors to identify the key customers of the organisation. An organisation has to make sure a mix of these factors implied the customers appeals. Product: When we talk about McDonalds, there are hundreds of food products starting from hamburger, cheeseburger, chicken burger, salads, desserts, corns, ice creams, French fries, coffee, tea, etc., these products are favorites for all kinds of customers. Especially when they create this product mix they should keep in mind that these products are attracted the customers and satisfy their needs and requirements with good quality. Product Life Cycle: http://billyfire.com/images/ProductLifeCycle.gif Source: http://billyfire.com/product-life-cycle.php The imperative process of product life cycle is when the product is reached the maturity stage, then company needs to introduce the new product to compete the market. In McDonalds there are many products are in growth and maturity stages. So they need to concentrate on new product development to capture more market share and compete the other competitors in the market. Price: Pricing strategy should be very clear and affordable by all types of customers. They also need to focus on competitors pricing strategy. Since McDonalds been the market leader of this fast food sector they will compromise the pricing strategy by giving low price products with good quality. Due to the financial crisis all over the world, customers are very conscious about spending power, they dont like to spend enormous money on food products. All these factors lead to reducing the cost of the product for the company. Place: Place is the imperative factor in the marketing mix. Without this factor, organisation cannot be the successful in the competitive market. When we come to the place, that should be easily accessible by all kind of customers. There should be lot of parking facilities and also they should have wheel chair access in their restaurants. Location is the phenomenal for success of every business Promotion: Promoting the business leads to winning in the competition. Without doing promotion, the business can get success in the cutthroat competition. For promotion, McD offers various kind of promotional activities like TV ads, online ads, hoardings, sponsorships, sport activities, social based programs, health care sponsorships. Graham et al.,(2001) suggests that They are following above the line and below the line promotional activities. Instore they are promoting their products by offering BOGOF (Buy one Get one Free), reduced prices, combo offers, etc., McDonalds promotional activities are absolutely better than its competitors. People: People are the main part of successful marketing mix for the success of McDonalds. Their main and core strategy is to satisfy the customer needs with their good quality foods at cheaper rate by providing excellent customer service with soft and friendly approach in the store. All employees are well trained in terms of customer queries and customer satisfaction. If theres a need of training for the employees company never compromise to give the tailored training. Process: Process is also very essential for running the organisation very effectively and efficiently. For this, all the equipments, tills, machineries should be updated. The process should be very quick by serving the customer needs. Customers shouldnt wait for a long time to get their preferred menu. Physical evidence: For the service sectors, physical evidence is absolutely required. How convenient and comfortable is how sales growth is. So, convenient and hygienic environment creates more revenue growth for the business. McDonalds always stick with this effective factor. 2.3 Learning Outcome3: Understand how to promote the marketing plan in support of strategic objectives In the learning outcome3, understand how to promote the market plan to support the strategic objectives of the organisation. In this coursework, the core objective of the organisation is to meet customer needs and satisfy them with the McDs product at low cost with effective and efficient customer service in worldwide markets. 2.3.1 Implementing Marketing plans: Implementing marketing plan is not very easy to achieve. There should be proper planning to achieve the implementation process. There are four step process for marketing control and its implementation. The successful implementation of a marketing plan should address the following Who need to be involved? All the top management and all the employees of the organisation need to involve in the implementation process How should the strategy and plans to be implemented? There are core strategy needs to be identified by the top management What activities need to be carried out? Imperative process of customised training need to be deployed in the organisation What time-frames do the activities need to be completed by? Time frame is designed by the organisation with the help of top management. 2.3.2. Four step process for marketing control: Set Goals: What do we want to achieve? In terms of McDonalds they want to achieve the excellent customer service and they want to capture more market share. Measure the project Performance: What is happening? This means is what is going on currently in the market and in the McDonalds. Evaluate the Performance: Why is it happening? What was the main reason for this performance is happened. Is there positive performance, then management should give more rewards to them if not take some corrective actions. Take corrective action: what should we do about it? What are the corrective actions should we take to ensure the process of planning and implementation. Chapter 3: Conclusion and Recommendations 3.1 Conclusion and Recommendations: From this coursework, we come to know that the McDonalds marketing strategy is pertinent to its core objective of the organisation. This present scenario in the world market, there are customers are not preferred to spend more on fast food products. Also, spending power of customers has been reduced. Keeping this factor in mind, McDonald needs to concentrate on promoting their products in the local market by reducing their prices. Apart from this reason, they need to concentrate on culture of the international markets, procedures and policies followed by these countries and McDonalds put aggressive training to its employees to provide absolutely good service with friendly approach. Since they are the market leader in the worldwide food sector, they need to concentrate to capture more market share and profit and sales volume as well.

Career Summary Of A Dietician Essay -- essays research papers

RESEARCH & FACTS The career I researched was that of a dietician. Someone who wishes to become a dietician must first obtain a bachelor’s degree, which would be considered a minimal requirement. Most dieticians will tell you that it would be within the best interests of a student wishing to become a dietician to get a master’s degree. Dieticians must have a love for science (chemistry in particular) and algebra as these skills are practiced routinely in the profession. It would also be a good idea for someone wishing to become a dietician to take some kind of accounting or book-keeping class, as dieticians must work on and file multiple records for each of their patients.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To become a dietician you must be willing to research every day. New scientific breakthroughs are made on a regular basis that are constantly changing the shape of the practice. Dieticians must also be willing to regularly meet with patients and physicians to accurately determine if their current dietary plan is working or not and what steps they should take to reach their final goal. Hospital dieticians correspond with the kitchen staff to make sure healthy diets are supplied for each patient in the hospital, as well as on an individual level.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a hospital environment there are typically a group of dieticians to handle all of the inpatient diets. These dieticians in turn answer to their department manager, who works under a chairman. In the dietary department there are also several filing and appointment clerks who help the dieticians to manage their work and keep them on track. These clerks are required because of the high-volume of work a hospital dietician is responsible for. Even though dieticians must regularly meet with patients and physicians, schedules for dieticians are very loose, and they can usually pick their own hours as long as they are at work for a certain amount of time each week.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dieticians are typically very friendly and social people. In the mornings, a dietary department will usually spend an hour or so casually talking about their current cases or new dietary breakthroughs. In these sessions, dieticians will discuss important new knowledge about their field and about their patients while they drink a cup of coffee.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dieticians will usually ge... ...of us want to help other people, and both of us are concerned with our own health and nutrition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many positive reasons for me to become a dietician. As a dietician I would make a good amount of money, and could find work almost anywhere in the country. I would also be able to feed my love for science and researching skills. The only problem I could find with becoming a dietician is that I am a very mechanical person. This has been proven by the tests, but it is also backed by my own beliefs. Unfortunately, there is little hands-on physical work to be done by dietitians. Perhaps I could volunteer to rearrange the furniture once a week.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Educationally I am on the right path. In several weeks I will graduate high school with almost thirty college credit hours. I will need to take more chemistry, biology, and math classes. I plan on earning a masters degree in nutrition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Overall, this is a very fitting choice for me. A dietitian has been something I have always wanted to become. After researching the job more and interviewing an actual dietitian, I have decided that it a sure bet for me. Career Summary Of A Dietician Essay -- essays research papers RESEARCH & FACTS The career I researched was that of a dietician. Someone who wishes to become a dietician must first obtain a bachelor’s degree, which would be considered a minimal requirement. Most dieticians will tell you that it would be within the best interests of a student wishing to become a dietician to get a master’s degree. Dieticians must have a love for science (chemistry in particular) and algebra as these skills are practiced routinely in the profession. It would also be a good idea for someone wishing to become a dietician to take some kind of accounting or book-keeping class, as dieticians must work on and file multiple records for each of their patients.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To become a dietician you must be willing to research every day. New scientific breakthroughs are made on a regular basis that are constantly changing the shape of the practice. Dieticians must also be willing to regularly meet with patients and physicians to accurately determine if their current dietary plan is working or not and what steps they should take to reach their final goal. Hospital dieticians correspond with the kitchen staff to make sure healthy diets are supplied for each patient in the hospital, as well as on an individual level.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a hospital environment there are typically a group of dieticians to handle all of the inpatient diets. These dieticians in turn answer to their department manager, who works under a chairman. In the dietary department there are also several filing and appointment clerks who help the dieticians to manage their work and keep them on track. These clerks are required because of the high-volume of work a hospital dietician is responsible for. Even though dieticians must regularly meet with patients and physicians, schedules for dieticians are very loose, and they can usually pick their own hours as long as they are at work for a certain amount of time each week.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dieticians are typically very friendly and social people. In the mornings, a dietary department will usually spend an hour or so casually talking about their current cases or new dietary breakthroughs. In these sessions, dieticians will discuss important new knowledge about their field and about their patients while they drink a cup of coffee.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dieticians will usually ge... ...of us want to help other people, and both of us are concerned with our own health and nutrition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many positive reasons for me to become a dietician. As a dietician I would make a good amount of money, and could find work almost anywhere in the country. I would also be able to feed my love for science and researching skills. The only problem I could find with becoming a dietician is that I am a very mechanical person. This has been proven by the tests, but it is also backed by my own beliefs. Unfortunately, there is little hands-on physical work to be done by dietitians. Perhaps I could volunteer to rearrange the furniture once a week.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Educationally I am on the right path. In several weeks I will graduate high school with almost thirty college credit hours. I will need to take more chemistry, biology, and math classes. I plan on earning a masters degree in nutrition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Overall, this is a very fitting choice for me. A dietitian has been something I have always wanted to become. After researching the job more and interviewing an actual dietitian, I have decided that it a sure bet for me.

acting on the national physical activity guidelines Essay -- essays res

Acting on the National Physical Activity Guidelines Introduction The purpose of this study was to identify if presenting a sedentary individual with the Australian governments National Physical Activity Guidelines (NPAG) would improve their overall physical activity. There was a structured interview which was conducted at 2 week intervals. The interview assessed the subject current physical activity levels and their willingness to be able to incorporate physical activity into there daily lives while following the guidelines suggested. The NPAG guidelines were presented before each interview and explained to the subject. Additional surveys were conducted to evaluate the subject’s anxiety levels and self-efficacy. Throughout the study we could benefit by seeing if presenting a sedentary individual with the NPAG would help improve levels of fitness and see if the governments’ intervention would help the Australian population. Methods This study was conducted on a sedentary 48 year old Canadian woman. The details of the study were presented and an informed consent was gained from the participant. The interviews were conducted over the phone, since the subject is currently living in Canada. The first structured interview (see appendix 1) was conducted and then the physical activity guidelines were presented. Being unable to physically present the pamphlet to the subject the researcher had her access them via the internet (Australian Gouvernment, 1999). As the subject reviewed the guidelines the researcher explained them and ask the subject to choose 1 or more of the guidelines that she felt she could incorporate into her daily life. At this stage a general self-efficacy scale was administered. The survey consists of 10 simple questions aimed at finding if the subject had a high or low self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is described as being ones belief in their ability to organize and execute the sources of action requir ed to manage prospective situations (Albert Bandura, 1986). A third and final survey was administered and measured the subject’s proactive attitude levels, meaning the subjects beliefs about their ability to carry out a course of action through personal motivation. This questionnaire consisted of 8 short questions where the subject had to answer by; 1) not true at all, 2) barely true, 3) moderately true or 4) exactly true. http://www.fuberlin.de/ge... ...bsp;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Retrived March 15th 2005   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From: http://www.healthactive.gov.au Crawford, S., Erklund, R.C., (1994), ‘Social Physique anxiety, reasons for exercise, and attitudes towards exercise settings’, Journal of Sport and exercise psychology, 16, 70-82. Dzewaltowski, D. A., Noble, J. M., & Shaw, J. M. (1990). Physical activity participation: Social cognitive theory versus the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 12, 388-405. Hart, E.A., Leary, M.R., Rejeski, W.J., (1989), â€Å"The measurement of social physique anxiety†, Journal of sport and exercise psychology, 11, 94-104. Ralf Schwarzer, & Matthias Jerusalem (1993), General Self-efficacy scale   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Retrived March 14th 2005 From: http://www.fu-berlin.de/gesund/skalen/Language_Selection/Turkish/General_Perceived_Self-Efficac/general_perceived_self-efficac.htm Ralf Schwarzer (1999), Proactive Attitude Scale   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Retrived March 14th 2005   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From:http://www.fuerlin.de/gesund/skalen/Language_Selection/Turkish/Proactive_Attitude/proactive_attitude.htm

Caterpillar Management Structure

Caterpillar Management Structure Caterpillar is a corporate governance structure where the Chairman of the board acts as the CEO. The Board of Directors is a group of independent non-employee directors that are chosen from outside of the company. Many of the group presidents report to the CEO, which makes the vice-presidents report to each group president. The Board consists of 14 directors and is divided into three classes for the benefit of election. The Board has four committees which are Audit, Compensation, Governance, and Public Policy. The Board adopted Guidelines on Corporate Governance Issues and that reflect the Board’s commitment to oversee the policy functioning as well as all decision-making. These guidelines are for both the board and management level, with a view to enhancing stockholder value for the long term benefit. The average age of the Board of Directors is currently sixty three. Caterpillar uses change management and 6 Sigma which is used to both prioritize and guide the improvement of health and safety performance. Caterpillar established procedures to encourage facilities to improve employee safety by utilizing the Vision Zero program. Each facility conducts annual reviews of its safety programs and reports these results to the facility manager. Facility management is responsible for the establishment of objectives, goals, metrics, and targets for the facility’s safety process and providing resources and authority to facility staff. Managers and employees are to use the SMART goals that are identified, tracked, and rewarded at each facility. All front-line leaders discuss safety with employees on a daily basis and all supervisors hold formal weekly safety meetings. The behavior of all employees is governed by a Code of Worldwide Business Conduct whereas management employees are retested on this code annually. Caterpillar’s code of ethics is called Our Values in Action. Integrity, Excellence, Commitment and Teamwork are the core values identified in the code and are the foundation for Caterpillar’s corporate strategy. The code applies to all members of the board and to management and employees worldwide. It documents the high ethical standards that Caterpillar has upheld since its formation in 1925. The values of Caterpillar are centralized throughout the entire organization. Caterpillar’s hiring practice is designed to assess the skills and talents of all applicants to compare to the jobs they have available. There are four phases to the hiring process, which are: Completion of an application and forms, testing, invitation for an interview, and job offer. Caterpillar’s compensation package represents their employees’ contributions to the success of the company and the investment in their financial security. They have a highly competitive salary structure which is designed to attract, retain and motivate the valuable employees whose contributions help the company succeed year after year. There are two primary components which define Caterpillar’s compensation philosophy: Pay for Performance and Pay at Risk. As and employee’s responsibility increases, so does the proportional amount of â€Å"at risk† pay. In addition to the base salary, Caterpillar offers incentive plans and gain-sharing plans that give employees the opportunity to impact their compensation for achieving targeted corporate and business unit results.